Cost Of Cost Management Accounting Essay - 1623 Words

TASK 1 Name- Sonia Sharma Student ID- 20150076 Unit- 26367 COST MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING ANSWER 1.1 a) DIRECT COSTS:- A direct cost is defined as the price that can be directly applied to production of goods. The direct cost classifies direct material, direct labour and manufacturing overheads. The direct cost is related to labour, raw material and expenses related to the production of goods. Direct cost is simply as the cost that is applied directly to the product. For example- wages of full time and part time staff. b) INDIRECT COSTS:- Indirect cost can be defined as the cost which cannot be directly applied to the product. In simple words any cost apart from direct material, direct labour and manufacturing overheads is considered as indirect cost. For example- insurance of company building, wages of cleaners working in the company premises etc. c) FIXED COSTS:- A fixed cost is referred to a cost which doesn’t changes with circumstances. If there is a fixed cost of any product or service one has to pay the cost. For example, the rent of the house is fixed that has to be paid every week, no changes are acceptable. For example- salary of full time staff. d) VARIABLE COSTS:- A variable cost is a changing cost. In case of any changes the cost of the product changes. For example, the cost paid to a casual worker may vary. More hours done by the worker will pay him wellShow MoreRelatedCost And Management Accounting1294 Words   |  6 PagesWhy might they be different? Cost And Management Accounting 1. â€Å"Management accounting is a mid-way between financial and cost accounting.† Elucidate. 2. What is the major revenue recognition criterion? 3. What is a trading account? What are its major constituents? What is its major outcome? 4. The cash flow statement is as useful to shareholders and lenders as to management. Explain. 5. (a) â€Å"All future costs are relevant.† Do you agree? Why? (b) â€Å"Fixed costs are really variable. The moreRead MoreCost and Management Accounting2021 Words   |  9 PagesUNIVERSITY OF OTAGO EXAMINATIONS 2011 ACCOUNTANCY AND FINANCE ACCT 222 Cost and Management Accounting Semester 2, 2011 (TIME ALLOWED: 3 HOURS) This examination paper comprises 6 pages Candidates should answer questions as follows: All questions should be answered. Show all major workings for your numerical calculations. The examination will be marked out of 100 marks. Question 1: 60 marks Question 2: 11 marks Question 3: 14 marks Question 4: 15 marks The following material is provided:Read MoreManagement Accounting For Costs And Control1370 Words   |  6 Pages ACC512 Management Accounting for Costs Control Assessment Item 1 Midhun Ramachandran Student ID: 11594000 Class: Wednesday 9am-12pm Lecture - Dhanushka Wijayakantha â€Æ' Answer 1- Management accounting The three elements that drive or influence management accounting work are: Compliance- It refers to the need to fulfil both external regulations as well as reporting requirements. Accounting personnel’s need to furnish proper recognition of expenses and revenues, and estimate assets andRead MoreManagement Accounting - Cost Classification2266 Words   |  10 PagesCOST CLASSIFICATION ASSIGNMENT To classify the various costs would first of all require a definition between the two types of accounting that practically all businesses have to face and a number of key terms which are equally important. These are management accounting and financial accounting. 1. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MANAGEMENT FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING: Management accounting is concerned with decision making, cost apportionment, planning and control. It is based within the organisation and isRead MoreManagement Accounting: Costs and Budgeting1399 Words   |  6 PagesBTEC Centre Guangdong AIB Polytechnic College |Unit |Unit 9: Management Accounting: Costs and Budgeting | |Class |2011 HND Finance | |Assignment |A2: Preparing budgets | |Date issued |Nov 14,2012 Read MoreCost Management Techniques And Accounting Principles937 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Cost management techniques and accounting principles used in the 1950s and 1960s have not changed dramatically in their ability to help in managing the development and innovation in productivity and business philosophy.† (Northrup, 2004, p. 2) Ideally businesses running today use the same methodology which was used in the past 60 years however, management procedures over the past century has changed. If we were to look in the past, we would understand that most manufacturing industries began toRead MoreManagement Accounting Cost Analysis Summary5399 Words   |  22 Pageson the â€Å"Cost Accounting† book by C. Horngren (Pierson International Edition, 13th Ed.). It is NOT a substitution of the book, but may be used as a complementary to it. For success on the exam, we advise you to go through the book and use this summary as a guide to make it easier for you. Good luck studying! Sincerely, The StudyMates team Table of Contents Topic 1: The accountant’s role in the Organization 4 I. Management Accounting, Cost Accounting and Financial Accounting 4 IIRead MoreCost Accounting Management Decisions Essay1014 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿ Week 8: Cost Accounting and Management Decisions Leah M. Pasternak Professor Bryan Womack Cost Accounting December 1, 2013 Cost Accounting and Management Decisions A unique and innovative manufacturing company It all started with an incandescent light bulb and from there, rocketed into one of the most successful, world-renowned company in the world. Thomas Alva Edison first established Edison General Electric Company in 1890 (General Electric, 2013). Two years laterRead MoreManagement Accounting Report Cost Classification2913 Words   |  12 Pages | JUPITER LIMITED Management Accounting Report Prepared for: Jupiter Ltd. Chief executive officer Prepared by: Date: April 03 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 THE ROLE OF MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTING 3 CLASSIFICATION OF COSTS 4 INVENTORY VALUATION METHODS 7 RECOMENDATIONS 11 Bibliography 12 Jupiter Ltd. 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Summary Of The Crisis Number One By Thomas Paine - 719 Words

Thomas Paines The Crisis Number One and Patrick Henrys Speech in the Virginia Convention were both written in the Age of Reasoning as a way to provoke Americans to fight for independence from Great Britain. While both â€Å"The Crisis† and â€Å"Speech in the Virginia Convention† succeeded in inspiring the colonialists, they both use different persuasive techniques. Thomas Paine uses a hopeful tone in his essay, as well as rhetorical devices associated with the future, to convince his readers. Henry takes a more aggressive approach in his speech, using rhetorical devices to emphasise the seriousness of the situation, which ultimately makes the speech more persuasive than â€Å"The Crisis Number One.† In Patrick Henry’s â€Å"Speech in the Virginia†¦show more content†¦In â€Å"The Crisis Number One,† Paine uses religious imagery throughout his essay to emphasize that the soldiers during the American Revolution have God in their favor. An excellent example of this is when he states, â€Å"I have as little superstition in me as any man living, but my secret opinion has ever been, and still is, that God almighty will not give up a people to military destruction, or leave them unsupported it to perish..† (Paine 175). This would surely lift the peoples spirits at the edge of war, but it masks the reality of the situation and how uncertain it is. Similarly, in Henry’s speech, he uses a biblical allusion to how Jesus was betrayed by a kiss,â€Å"Suffer not yourselves to be betrayed by a kiss† (Henry 204). He is trying to demonstrate how how sinister King George III is and to further highlight the point that they only way to stop the King is w ar. Henry uses the biblical reference to secure the seriousness of the situation, while Paine uses it to convey hopefulness to the situation at hand, which can easily overcast the condition of the United States during that period. People who have read both of these works of literature might oppose the opinion that Henry’s speech is superior to Paine’s pamphlet due to the context of them. Thomas Henry’s speech was given in front of the Convention as its members were discussing the serious matter of trying to find a way to negotiate and come to agreement with King George III. Thomas Paine’s essay was written duringShow MoreRelatedThomas Paine, an American Philosopher1267 Words   |  6 PagesAn American born philosopher, Thomas Paine, was a strong adherent for independence and was agnostic in the government. Born on January 29, 1737, Paine lived what we would now call a tough life (http://www.britannica.com). At a young age, Paine had to withdraw from school to help his father with work. He attempted many jobs such as a hunting smuggler and a collector of tobacco and liquor taxes (http://www.britannica.com). 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After you have decided which of the suggested answers is best, COMPLETELY fill in the corresponding oval on the answer sheet. Give only one answer to each question. If you change an answer, be sure that the previous mark is erased completely. 1) The Preamble to the Constitution begins A) We theRead MoreWho Shot John F. Kennedy?2616 Words   |  10 Pagesthe assassination, a poll showed that â…” of Americans believed there was a conspiracy – that Lee Harvey Oswald did not act alone . This remains a widely held view. For the American people, it perhaps seemed too much to bear that one man had killed the President. As Evan Thomas put it, â€Å"when something terrible happens in the life of a nation, there has to be a reason for it. It is not good enough to say, ‘Some nut with a rifle killed JFK.’ Such a monstrous thing - there must be a monstrous plot. † AfterRead MoreLibrary Management204752 Words   |  820 Pagesand Barbara B. Moran United States Government Information: Policies and Sources Peter Hernon, Harold C. Relyea, Robert E. Dugan, and Joan F. Cheverie Library Information Systems: From Library Automation to Distributed Information Access Solutions Thomas R. Kochtanek and Joseph R. Matthews The Complete Guide to Acquisitions Management Frances C. Wilkinson and Linda K. Lewis Organization of Information, Second Edition Arlene G. Taylor The School Library Media Manager, Third Edition Blanche Woolls BasicRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages or transmission in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department, One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River , New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this bookRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesrelevant page numbers (but not in any way that suggests that the book Logical Reasoning or its author endorse you or your use of the work). (2) Noncommercial You may not use this work for commercial purposes (for example, by inserting passages into a book that is sold to students). (3) No Derivative Works You may not alter, transform, or build upon this work. An earlier version of the book was published by Wadsworth Publishing Company, Belmont, California USA in 1993 with ISBN number 0-534-17688-7

The challenge of food scarcity Free Essays

Our world today is facing an extreme increase of food shortage and that happened when the food produce is not enough that can automatically threaten and shake the lives of millions of people, food scarcity could also be due to the rapidly rising human population that as a matter of fact Just had doubled over the year. Furthermore, the fact that we don’t have any idea on what maximum number of people the world will continue to support and feed, that lead us to questioning if there is enough food for everyone in the future and a solution to end hunger and other problems that comes along with. Moreover, there are still many different reasons or factors of why people are starving in the different areas over the world, the lack of economic Justice and rising population are Just merely two examples out of them all and made people struggle to get enough food to eat. We will write a custom essay sample on The challenge of food scarcity or any similar topic only for you Order Now On the other hand, Majority of the globe’s population especially the youth tends to Just ignore the issue of hunger, or are simply blindsided by events as today’s economic crisis. We seem and tends to be a creatures f crisis. Rather than accepting the possibility that serious problems are Just over the horizon and is happening, we choose to look for any hope of positive information to ease our fears, but the fact is that hunger is a big problem in the world today and It is equally important that people should inform and get their selves involve on the issue about food scarcity so that they will know who are the ones truly suffering and the serious damage it does to those people. And also for them to avoid on wasting food, because all the extra food can’t be Just given out to the needy and hungry entries, but if it could the government still don’t have enough transportation and the money to send all those extra food to the suffering people. Every one of us must take food scarcity seriously because the solution for solving hunger and scarcity calls for the cooperation of everybody. Furthermore, As an International student it is essential that we include world food hunger in our studies for it is directly interconnected on global politics and issues. For in International studies we educate ourselves and participates on programs of Globalization and development. Also, we must not only study but to also get ourselves involve in helping how to eradicate world hunger by helping in our own little ways those people and communities who are struggling with such problems that are cause by food shortage, for them to be able to develop ways to sustain their way of life, is the main goal of an International studies student. Remember Great things comes from small beginnings. To answer the questions why people are continuing to starve to death, we need to know first about the history of food production; how it contributes on the food we produce, goes the process of food production prohibit or even more promotes hunger? Second, we need to understand that the image that we get from the media can be very misleading and sometimes not the truth and tends to show only a portion of what was really happening, so we must explore and research to be informed in the current reality so that we can come up and make better solutions. On the other hand, even if hunger is inevitable, we know, beyond any shadow of doubt, that there is a remedy for our world’s situation and the earth can and able to feed its inhabitants. And there are many ways on how we can do it, like giving and improving aid and providing equipment and materials to the poor and underdeveloped countries needed for their agriculture, for these countries especially on the Global south, have the land and water to grow but they lack the knowledge, money and technology to make their resources fruitful. By also slowing the increasing of oil prices and usage of bio fuel so that the food price escalation can be somehow prevented because when the costs of essential foods rise, it can then dramatically affect those people who are lying on food prices because bio fuels hurt the developing countries the most. Furthermore, the Government should promote and implement alternatives which don’t disrupt the food supplies and if possible the Government should also increase the incomes of the poor instead so that they can buy their food, this is much better than keeping incomes and prices low. The solutions to the present crisis mention above can help eradicate food shortage and hunger and save the world at the same time, humanity must confront all the issues which can no longer be ignore because globally the effects will spread. How to cite The challenge of food scarcity, Essays

Fighting for Civil Rights during the 608217s Essay Example For Students

Fighting for Civil Rights during the 608217s Essay The struggle began with non-violent protests. Backed by students, the civil rights movement trudged onward. African Americans staged mass protests to show their support. Despite all this, many racial barriers still remained in the South. Black objectives were redefined in the 60’s when militant black consciousness developed. The great society emerged providing hope for all. Liberal optimism swept the nation and liberalism influenced internationally. The latter part of the 60’s was characterized by discontent. Jim Crow laws made African Americans second class citizens, but they fought against segregation using passive resistance. During World War II black activism originated, followed by the Supreme Court reversing the Plessy v. Ferguson trial. This led Martin Luther King, one of the great civil rights leaders, to emphasize the need for voting rights. Black students organized sit-ins to protest segregation. Using that as an example, student activists formed their own civil rights organization and focused more closely on local issues. African Americans helped president Kennedy win the election of 1960. Freedom riders sought to deplete segregation of the upper hand in the Deep South. African Americans had built up momentum and were staging mass protests. The leaders of these protests focused their efforts on Birmingham. In awe at the numbers gathered during the March on Washington, the public supported the civil rights law. The civil rights act eliminated â€Å"whites only† public facilities. In spite of the civil rights act, many racial barriers remained in the south. Civil rights leaders played a big role in Mississippi. They encouraged voter registration and recruited white volunteers. King concentrated on the voting rights issue in 1965, resulting in civil rights workers forming their own political party. Militant blacks, such as Malcolm X emphasized black separatism and political power. He encouraged urban black military, and it increased in the mid 1960’s. The civil rights movement reaffirmed constitutional principles. Kennedy was one of the greatest presidents this nation has ever seen. Barely defeating Nixon, his charisma captured American hearts. Kennedy had many great programs in action. Johnson pushed these programs, to take them to the top. Kennedy also developed a more active foreign policy. Although the bay of pigs invasion ended disastrously, Kennedy still was able to put an end to the Cuban missile crisis. Tragically, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas. Johnson continued Kennedy’s foreign policy. The government was stepping up at this time. Expanding social welfare programs, and waging a war on poverty were just a couple of the Great Society programs. The great society was a package of programs hoping to help the economy. Great society programs had mixed results. The late part of the 60’s was characterized by discontent. The civil rights movement spawned social activism. There were many protests, especially on college campuses. The counterculture rejected traditional standar ds and style. Many young people followed this trend and it began to be accepted. Feminism experienced a rebirth. The battle for women’s rights showed great discontent in America. Ethnic groups gained more power. Martin Luther King was the key leader in the civil rights movement. It seems like he got things done, and others were inspired by his courage. President Kennedy did many great things for our country and his charisma was in all our hearts. Without these great leaders where would we be today. Bibliography:

Analysis Report of SAMSUNG Branding

Introduction Managers of Samsung appreciate that the company is one of the leading dealers in electronic items globally. At the same time, they acknowledge that the company faces threats. The management has proposed and implemented a number of reforms in their marketing strategy to solve these issues.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis Report of SAMSUNG Branding specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Market Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Samsung uses market segmentation and related product differentiation strategy to have a commercial advantage. Samsung has directed its managers in North America and Europe to market and sell a new brand of its products. It targets to reach out to the high-income earners, youths, business users, and hobbyists dwelling in the region. In addition, it has strategic selling points that serve the rich. The rich are highly loyal to the brand. The younger generation, on the other hand, keep trying new products. Samsung had endeavored to meet the needs of these different market segments. Strategic Marketing Management Samsung has plans to overcome its internal and external weaknesses. The company also intends to take advantage of its strengths. Samsung has the ability to satisfy the needs of its customers by selling modern digital cameras, computers, and business applications. It utilizes several retail centers, including its office supply store, to make more profits. Further, Samsung has established a strong presence in British Colombia, where Future Shop meets the needs of several customers. The company has its affiliates in many countries. Samsung Electronics and Samsung Retails are some of these affiliates. These assets help the group to overcome pressure from Sony, Future Shop, and Best Buy. These dealers have equally modern marketing resources. Sony uses competitive advertising techniques, such as online marketing. Moreover, it has retail shops g lobally under its name. Customer Profiling Samsung divided the consumer electronics market in Canada into four segments, namely, high-income families, business users and hobbyists, and the young generation. The company mainly targets the high-income families.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It also gives attention to the young generation segment. Samsung has been exercising a lot of caution while dealing with this group since they are not brand loyal. Analyzing Market and Competitive Space Samsung may continue making profits due to the constant increase in global population. However, the threat of competition from Sonny and behaviors of hobbyists is a concern. Hobbyists enjoy building their own electronics using off-the shelf components and Sonny has more assets than Samsung. The impact of globalization, however, indicates good prospects for the industry. Product Develo pment and Service Satisfaction Samsung heavily invests in research to further its mission. In 1979, it developed the first 256k dynamic random access memory (DRAM) computer chip. By the turn of the millennium, it had already produced digital cameras, liquid crystal display (LCD) computer monitors, among other modern electronic products. Market Knowledge Samsung is a leading dealer in electronic products since it employs staffs with advanced knowledge in the field. The utilization market knowledge led to the development of the first 256k dynamic random access memory computer chip. Brand Global Strategic Samsung took over the industry with a vision to make a global brand. To realize this goal, it launched a worldwide campaign using the tag â€Å"SAMSANG Digital-everyone is invited†. It has sponsored the Sydney Olympic Games and Olympic games a number of times. Further, the group has been increasing its global advertisement budget by large amounts. In 2001, it increased the budg et by 35 percent.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Analysis Report of SAMSUNG Branding specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Marketing Challenges in Canada Samsung had problems deciding on the appropriate allocation for promotional budget when the rebranding exercise began. Park, the marketing manager, discovered that about $15 million had been spent in 2003 in advertisement and promotion. In addition, the spending had been kept constant for five years. Therefore, Park was of the opinion that there was no need of increasing the budget. At the same time, he was concerned that failure to increase the budget would undermine the rebranding efforts. Park’s concern was justifiable since rebranding is costly. However, since the exercise does not necessarily result to increase in expenditure, Park needed to consult widely before taking action. The marketing managers who increased funding for promotion were right s ince their action resulted to increase in sales globally. Subsequently, there was the problem of determining the best ways of carrying out product distribution. There were some low quality products in the store. Park feared hoarding them due the possibility of making a loss. Senior managers suggested that Samsung should follow the example that had been set by Sony. This was the sole company in Canada with nationwide retail channel and a website. The ideas would help the company overcome competition pressure from Future Shop retail Shop and Sony. Nevertheless, Samsung needed to plan before taking the step to avoid over risking. Finally, there was the problem regarding pricing. Research had indicated that the low pricing of Samsung’s items was not contributing positively towards the rebranding efforts. A section of the senior management planned to increase the prices. Others opposed the plans saying it would hurt the business. The efforts to increase the price were called for s ince they had improved the brand. This, however, could be done after building the brand successfully.Advertising Looking for case study on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Steps to building a brand The first step to building a brand is identifying the reasons to believe. The customer should be able to support the reasons to believe. For example, introducing high quality products in the market and withdrawing low quality products, Samsung gave the customers a reason to believe that an increase in price is justifiable. The next step is the customers’ touch point. This step involves the management of believes of the customers. It helps the business to convince the customers that it is working to fulfill the promise to deliver quality products. Samsung employed an effective customer service unit as a customer touch point. It also got opportunities to interact with the customers by sponsoring global events such as Olympics.. The next stage is designing the optional experience. After creating the reason to believe and determine the most crucial customers’ touch points, a marketer requires to know how to express each of the reasons to believe. Samsung determined different ways of selling their products through global events and sports and by the help of professional customer service. Samsung took care of general customer needs during sports. The support staff managed sensitive touch points. The final stage of building a brand is aligning the organization to deliver the optional experience consistently. Samsung employed managers at every marketing level to handle this role. In Canada, they gave Park the responsibility. In addition, they contracted external staffs to carryout research and advise the company accordingly. Market segments Samsung targeted four market segments in Canada. These are the high-income families, hobbyists, the young generation, and business users. The company invested heavily in the high-income segment. The improved brand image contributed to increase in sales. The second influencing group is the teens or youths in the 20s. They are knowledgeable and highly interested about digital technology. They a re not brand loyal, as they keep experimenting with all brands. Moreover, since a majority of them has low financial strength, they tend to buy smaller electronic items that are less costly. They avoid purchasing items such as large-screen televisions. The young generation bought products such as hand-held devices and MP3 players in large quantities. At the same time, business users formed part of the market. Banks for example purchased modern CRT to replace with the traditional bulky ones. Like banks, other business users were purchasing these electronic items depending on the reliability and the ability of the products to satisfy given sets of needs. Customer support service also influenced their purchasing behavior. Hobbyists are the final segment that Samsung was targeting. This market segment purchases items modestly. They were price sensitive. That made the market to be characterized by extremely low margins. Samsung was right to give priority to high-income earners. Neverthel ess, since its competitors were also focusing on the same segment, it would have increased investment in products targeting the younger generation segment. Samsung could do this successfully by inventing new models that satisfies the tastes of the youths. The business user segment also would have given Samsung a huge market should it have used more advanced customer care techniques. Conclusion Samsung has the potential to remain relevant for many years due to the amount of resources at its disposal. The staff’s understanding of the market is equally important for its success. However, the management needs to deal decisively with the emerging threat of unhealthy competition. This case study on Analysis Report of SAMSUNG Branding was written and submitted by user Tenebrous to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Path to Legalization for Illegal Immigrants in the US

Path to Legalization for Illegal Immigrants in the US Should the United States provide a path to legalization for illegal immigrants? The issue has been at the forefront of American politics for years, and the debate shows no signs of abating. What does a nation do with the millions of people residing in its country illegally? History of Immigrating to the US Illegal immigrants, often referred to as illegal aliens, are defined by the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952 as people who are not citizens or nationals of the United States. They are foreign nationals who come to the United States without following the legal immigration process to enter and remain in the country; in other words, anyone born in a country other than the United States to parents who are not United States citizens. The reasons for immigrating vary, but generally, people are looking for better opportunities and a higher quality of life than they would have in their native countries. Illegal immigrants do not have the proper legal documentation to be in the country, or they have overstayed their time allotted, perhaps on a tourist or student visa. They  cannot vote, and they cannot receive social services from federally funded programs or social security benefits; they cannot hold United States passports. The Immigration Reform and Control Act of 1986 provided amnesty to 2.7 illegal immigrants already in the United States and established sanctions for employers who knowingly hired illegal aliens. Additional laws were passed in the 1990s to help curb the growing number of illegal aliens, but they were largely ineffective. Another bill for immigration reform was introduced in 2007 but ultimately failed. It would have provided legal status to approximately 12 million illegal immigrants. President Donald Trump has gone back and forth on the immigration issue, going so far as to offer a merit-based legal immigration system. Nevertheless, Trump says he is intent on restoring integrity and the rule of law to our borders, and prompted the longest government shutdown to date (34 days) with his demand of funding for a southern border wall. A Path Toward Legalization The path toward becoming a legal US citizen is called naturalization; this process is overseen by the US Bureau of Citizenship and Immigration Service (BCIS). There are four paths to legal status for undocumented, or illegal, immigrants. Path 1: Green Card The first path to becoming a legal citizen is to obtain a Green Card by marrying a US  citizen or a lawful permanent resident. But, according to Citizenpath, if the foreign spouse and children or stepchildren entered the United States without inspection and remained in the United States, they must leave the country and conclude their immigration process through US consulates abroad to obtain the green card. More importantly, says Citizenpath, If the immigrating spouse and/or children over 18 years of age resided in the United States unlawfully for at least 180 days (6 months) but less than one year, or they remained more than one year, they could then be automatically barred from re-entry to the United States for 3-10 years respectively once they leave the United States. In some cases, these immigrants can apply for a waiver if they can prove extreme and unusual hardship.   Path 2: DREAMers The Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals is a program established in 2012 to protect illegal immigrants who came to the United States as children. Donald Trumps administration in 2017 threatened to undo the act but has yet to do so. The Development, Relief, and Education for Alien Minors (DREAM) Act was first introduced in 2001 as bipartisan legislation, and its main provision was to provide permanent resident status upon completion of two years of college or service in the military. The American Immigration Council states that with the country currently gripped by political polarization, bipartisan support for the DREAM Act has waned. In turn, more narrow proposals have circulated that either restrict eligibility for permanent residency to a smaller group of young people or offer no dedicated path to permanent residency (and, eventually, US citizenship). Path 3: Asylum Citizenpath says that asylum is available to illegal immigrants who have suffered persecution in his or her home country or who has a well-founded fear of persecution if he or she were to return to that country.  Persecution  must be based on one of the following five groups: race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion. Also according to Citizenpath, requirements for eligibility include the following: You must be present in the United States (by legal or illegally entry); you are unable or unwilling to return to your home country due to past persecution or have a well-founded fear of future persecution if you return; the reason for persecution is related to one of five things: race, religion, nationality, membership in a particular social group or political opinion; and you are not involved with an activity that would bar you from asylum. Path 4: U Visas The U Visa - a non-immigrant visa - is reserved for crime victims who have assisted law enforcement. Citizenpath says U Visa holders have legal status in the United States, receive employment authorization (work permit) and even a possible path to citizenship.   The U Visa was created by the US Congress in October 2000  by the passage of the Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act. To qualify, an illegal immigrant must have suffered substantial physical or mental abuse as a result of having been a victim of a qualifying criminal activity; must have information concerning that criminal activity; must have been helpful, is being helpful or is likely to be helpful in the investigation or prosecution of the crime; and the criminal activity must have violated US laws.

Death penalty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Death penalty - Essay Example However, there is no point in avoiding death penalty because of the ability of some people from escaping from capital punishments. Guilt is highly personal and the only thing which should be considered by the court is whether that culprit deserves death penalty or not. No other considerations should influence the court. The accepted philosophy or principle of criminal justice system is that no innocent person should be punished even if thousands of criminals are able to escape from punishments. It is a fact that many innocent people forced to accept capital punishments because of circumstantial evidences. In other words miscarriages of justice happened in capital punishment cases also. â€Å"For those who think the death penalty just, miscarriages of justice are offset by the moral benefits and the usefulness of doing justice† (Van den Haag). Many people argue in favor of death penalty since they believe that death penalty may discourage others from in committing similar crime s. Van den Haag has argued that â€Å"Sparing the lives of even a few prospective victims by deterring their murderers is more important than preserving the lives of convicted murderers because of the possibility, or even the probability, that executing them would not deter others† (Van den Haag).